PUBLICATIONS
Below is a list of all relevant publications (updated periodically), under respective subheadings.
Note: AO Spine RECODE-DCM refers to the specific project to form a minimum dataset, agree an index term, and establish the research priorities. Three international working groups, termed incubators, were also piloted with support from AO Spine. The community is now maintained by Myelopathy.org.
Further information about AO Spine, and the AO Spine RECODE-DCM project specifically, can be found at www.aospine.org/recode.
RECODE-DCM with Myelopathy.org
Jamie F. M. Brannigan, Benjamin M. Davies, Max Stewart, Sam Smith, Alice Willison, Shahzaib Ahmed, Iwan Sadler, Ellen Sarewitz, Jibin Francis, Sybil R. L. Stacpoole, Mark R. N. Kotter & Oliver D. Mowforth (2022) Degenerative cervical myelopathy education in UK medical schools: a national cross-sectional survey of medical students, British Journal of Neurosurgery, 36:6, 728-736, DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2022.2106355
Umeria R, Mowforth O, Grodzinski B, Karimi Z, Sadler I, Wood H, Sangeorzan I, Fagan P, Murphy R, McNair A, Davies B. A scoping review of information provided within degenerative cervical myelopathy education resources: Towards enhancing shared decision making. PLoS One. 2022 May 19;17(5):e0268220. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268220. PMID: 35588126; PMCID: PMC9119544.
Grodzinski B, Stubbs DJ, Davies BM. Most degenerative cervical myelopathy remains undiagnosed, particularly amongst the elderly: modelling the prevalence of degenerative cervical myelopathy in the United Kingdom. J Neurol. 2022 Sep 2. doi: 10.1007/s00415-022-11349-8. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36056204.
Butler MB, Mowforth OD, Badran A, Starkey M, Boerger T, Sadler I, Tabrah J, Treanor C, Cameron L, Kalsi-Rayn S, Laing RJ, Davies BM, Kotter MRN. Provision and Perception of Physiotherapy in the Nonoperative Management of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy (DCM): A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire of People Living With DCM. Global Spine Journal. October 2020. doi:10.1177/2192568220961357
Gharooni AA, Khan M, Yang X, Anwar F, Davies B, Kotter M. Therapeutic repetitive Transcranial Magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for neurological dysfunction in Degenerative cervical Myelopathy: An unexplored opportunity? Findings from a systematic review. J Clin Neurosci. 2021 Aug;90:76-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.05.029. Epub 2021 May 25. PMID: 34275584.
Pope D, Mowforth OD, Davies BM, Kotter MRN. Diagnostic delays lead to greater disability in degenerative cervical myelopathy and represent a health-inequality. Spine 2019 2020 Mar 15;45(6):368-377. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000003305
AO Spine RECODE-DCM: The Incubators (2020-23)
Grodzinski B, Bestwick H, Bhatti F, Durham R, Khan M, Partha Sarathi CI, Teh JQ, Mowforth O, Davies B. Research activity amongst DCM research priorities. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2021 Feb 24. doi: 10.1007/s00701-021-04767-6. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33625603.
Khan, D. Z., Hazenbiller, O., Gronlund, T., Sadler, I., Sarewitz, E. B., Mowforth, O., Kotter, M. R. N., & Davies, B. M. (2022). The AO Spine RECODE-DCM International Collaborative—Establishing the Foundations for Accelerated and Patient-Centered Innovation. Global Spine Journal, 12(1_suppl), 159S-171S. doi: 10.1177/21925682211035381
Zipser CM, Margetis K, Pedro KM, Curt A, Fehlings M, Sadler I, Tetreault L, Davies BM; AO Spine RECODE DCM Steering Committee; Members of the Diagnostic Criteria Working Group. Increasing awareness of degenerative cervical myelopathy: a preventative cause of non-traumatic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2021 Oct 9. doi: 10.1038/s41393-021-00711-8
Zipser C et al. Proposing a Framework to Understand the Role of Imaging in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: Enhancement of MRI Protocols Needed for Accurate Diagnosis and Evaluation 2022 Spine Journal In Press
AO Spine RECODE-DCM: The Research Priorities
Recommendations
Davies BM, Kwon BK, Fehlings MG, Kotter MRN. AO Spine RECODE-DCM: Why Prioritize Research in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy? Global Spine Journal. 2022;12(1_suppl):5S-7S. doi:10.1177/21925682211035379
Priorities in Context
Davies BM, Mowforth O, Wood H, Karimi Z, Sadler I, Tetreault L, Milligan J, Wilson JRF, Kalsi-Ryan S, Furlan JC, Kawaguchi Y, Ito M, Zipser CM, Boerger TF, Vaccaro AR, Murphy RKJ, Hutton M, Rodrigues-Pinto R, Koljonen PA, Harrop JS, Aarabi B, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Kurpad SN, Guest JD, Wilson JR, Kwon BK, Kotter MRN, Fehlings MG. Improving Awareness Could Transform Outcomes in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy [AO Spine RECODE-DCM Research Priority Number 1]. Global Spine J. 2022 Feb;12(1_suppl):28S-38S. doi: 10.1177/21925682211050927. PMID: 35174734; PMCID: PMC8859708.
Nouri A, Tessitore E, Molliqaj G, Meling T, Schaller K, Nakashima H, Yukawa Y, Bednarik J, Martin AR, Vajkoczy P, Cheng JS, Kwon BK, Kurpad SN, Fehlings MG, Harrop JS, Aarabi B, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Guest JD, Davies BM, Kotter MRN, Wilson JR. Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: Development and Natural History [AO Spine RECODE-DCM Research Priority Number 2]. Global Spine J. 2022 Feb;12(1_suppl):39S-54S. doi: 10.1177/21925682211036071. PMID: 35174726; PMCID: PMC8859703.
Hilton B, Gardner EL, Jiang Z, Tetreault L, Wilson JRF, Zipser CM, Riew KD, Guest JD, Harrop JS, Fehlings MG, Rodrigues-Pinto R, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Aarabi B, Koljonen PA, Kotter MRN, Davies BM, Kwon BK. Establishing Diagnostic Criteria for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy [AO Spine RECODE-DCM Research Priority Number 3]. Global Spine J. 2022 Feb;12(1_suppl):55S-63S. doi: 10.1177/21925682211030871. PMID: 35174729; PMCID: PMC8859706.
Tetreault L, Garwood P, Gharooni AA, Touzet AY, Nanna-Lohkamp L, Martin A, Wilson J, Harrop JS, Guest J, Kwon BK, Milligan J, Arizala AM, Riew KD, Fehlings MG, Kotter MRN, Kalsi-Ryan S, Davies BM. Improving Assessment of Disease Severity and Strategies for Monitoring Progression in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy [AO Spine RECODE-DCM Research Priority Number 4]. Global Spine J. 2022 Feb;12(1_suppl):64S-77S. doi: 10.1177/21925682211063854. Epub 2021 Dec 31. PMID: 34971524; PMCID: PMC8859700.
Davies BM, Mowforth O, Gharooni AA, Tetreault L, Nouri A, Dhillon RS, Bednarik J, Martin AR, Young A, Takahashi H, Boerger TF, Newcombe VF, Zipser CM, Freund P, Koljonen PA, Rodrigues-Pinto R, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Wilson JR, Kurpad SN, Fehlings MG, Kwon BK, Harrop JS, Guest JD, Curt A, Kotter MRN. A New Framework for Investigating the Biological Basis of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy [AO Spine RECODE-DCM Research Priority Number 5]: Mechanical Stress, Vulnerability and Time. Global Spine J. 2022 Feb;12(1_suppl):78S-96S. doi: 10.1177/21925682211057546. PMID: 35174728; PMCID: PMC8859710.
Boerger TF, Hyngstrom AS, Furlan JC, Kalsi-Ryan S, Curt A, Kwon BK, Kurpad SN, Fehlings MG, Harrop JS, Aarabi B, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Guest JD, Wilson JR, Davies BM, Kotter MRN, Koljonen PA. Developing Peri-Operative Rehabilitation in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy [AO Spine RECODE-DCM Research Priority Number 6]: An Unexplored Opportunity? Global Spine J. 2022 Feb;12(1_suppl):97S-108S. doi: 10.1177/21925682211050925. PMID: 35174735; PMCID: PMC8859699.
Gharooni AA, Kwon BK, Fehlings MG, Boerger TF, Rodrigues-Pinto R, Koljonen PA, Kurpad SN, Harrop JS, Aarabi B, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Wilson JR, Davies BM, Kotter MRN, Guest JD. Developing Novel Therapies for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy [AO Spine RECODE-DCM Research Priority Number 7]: Opportunities From Restorative Neurobiology. Global Spine J. 2022 Feb;12(1_suppl):109S-121S. doi: 10.1177/21925682211052920. PMID: 35174725; PMCID: PMC8859698.
Davies BM, Phillips R, Clarke D, Furlan JC, Demetriades AK, Milligan J, Witiw CD, Harrop JS, Aarabi B, Kurpad SN, Guest JD, Wilson JR, Kwon BK, Vaccaro AR, Fehlings MG, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Kotter MRN. Establishing the Socio-Economic Impact of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy Is Fundamental to Improving Outcomes [AO Spine RECODE-DCM Research Priority Number 8]. Global Spine J. 2022 Feb;12(1_suppl):122S-129S. doi: 10.1177/21925682211039835. PMID: 35174730; PMCID: PMC8859704.
Martin AR, Tetreault L, Nouri A, Curt A, Freund P, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Wilson JR, Fehlings MG, Kwon BK, Harrop JS, Davies BM, Kotter MRN, Guest JD, Aarabi B, Kurpad SN. Imaging and Electrophysiology for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy [AO Spine RECODE-DCM Research Priority Number 9]. Global Spine J. 2022 Feb;12(1_suppl):130S-146S. doi: 10.1177/21925682211057484. Epub 2021 Nov 19. PMID: 34797993; PMCID: PMC8859711.
Rodrigues-Pinto R, Montenegro TS, Davies BM, Kato S, Kawaguchi Y, Ito M, Zileli M, Kwon BK, Fehlings MG, Koljonen PA, Kurpad SN, Guest JD, Aarabi B, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Wilson JR, Kotter MRN, Harrop JS. Optimizing the Application of Surgery for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy [AO Spine RECODE-DCM Research Priority Number 10]. Global Spine J. 2022 Feb;12(1_suppl):147S-158S. doi: 10.1177/21925682211062494. PMID: 35174733; PMCID: PMC8859702
Methodology
Mowforth OD, Khan DZ, Wong MY, Pickering GAE, Dean L, Magee J, Mullarkey L, Hirayama Y, Rihova M, Butler M, Stewart M, Goulson B, Ahmed S, Fricke K, Popa-Nimigean V, Millar Z, Venkatesh A, Willison A, Senthil K, Hazenbiller O, Sarewitz E, Sadler I, Gronlund T, Tetreault L, Harrop JS, Aarabi B, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Kurpad SN, Guest JD, Wilson JR, Kwon BK, Fehlings MG, McNair AGK, Davies BM, Kotter MRN; AO Spine RECODE-DCM Steering Committee and AO Spine RECODE-DCM Consortium. Gathering Global Perspectives to Establish the Research Priorities and Minimum Data Sets for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: Sampling Strategy of the First Round Consensus Surveys of AO Spine RECODE-DCM. Global Spine J. 2022 Feb;12(1_suppl):8S-18S. doi: 10.1177/21925682211047546. Epub 2021 Dec 8. PMID: 34879754; PMCID: PMC8859701.
Tetreault L, Mowforth O, Khan DZ, et al. James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy [AO Spine RECODE-DCM]: An Overview of the Methodology Used to Process and Short-List Research Uncertainties. Global Spine Journal. 2022;12(1_suppl):19S-27S. doi:10.1177/21925682211062501
Davies BM, Mowforth OD, Khan DZ, Yang X, Stacpoole SRL, Hazenbiller O, Gronlund T, Tetreault L, Kalsi-Ryan S, Starkey ML, Sadler I, Sarewitz E, Houlton D, Carter J, Howard E, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Guest JD, Aarabi B, Kwon BK, Kurpad SN, Harrop J, Wilson JR, Grossman R, Smith EK, McNair AGK, Fehlings MG, Kotter MRN. The development of lived experience-centered word clouds to support research uncertainty gathering in degenerative cervical myelopathy: results from an engagement process and protocol for their evaluation, via a nested randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2021 Jun 25;22(1):415. doi: 10.1186/s13063-021-05349-8.
AO Spine RECODE-DCM: The Minimum Dataset and Index Term
Recommendations
Index Term
Davies BM, Khan DZ, Barzangi K, Ali A, Mowforth OD, Nouri A, Harrop JS, Aarabi B, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Kurpad SN, Guest JD, Tetreault L, Kwon BK, Boerger TF, Rodrigues-Pinto R, Furlan JC, Chen R, Zipser CM, Curt A, Milligan J, Kalsi-Rayn S, Sarewitz E, Sadler I, Widdop S, Fehlings MG, Kotter MRN. We Choose to Call it ‘Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy’: Findings of AO Spine RECODE-DCM, an International and Multi-Stakeholder Partnership to Agree a Standard Unifying Term and Definition for a Disease. Global Spine J. 2022 Jun 29:21925682221111780. doi: 10.1177/21925682221111780. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35769029.
Minimum Dataset [In Draft]
Person First Language
Boerger TF, Davies BM, Sadler I On behalf of the RECODE-DCM Steering Committee, et al Patient, sufferer, victim, casualty or person with cervical myelopathy: let us decide our identifier Integrated Healthcare Journal 2020;2:e000023. doi: 10.1136/ihj-2019-000023
Methodology
Davies BM, Khan DZ, McMair AGK, Gronlund T, Kolias AG, Tetreault L, Kalsi-Ryan S, Starkey ML, Sadler I, Sarewitz E, Houlton D, Carter J, Aarabi B, Kwon BK, Kurpad SN, Harrop J, Wilson JR, Grossman R, Fehlings MG, Kotter MRN. REsearch objectives and Common Data Elements for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: A consensus process to improve research efficiency in DCM, through establishment of a standardised dataset for clinical research and the definition of the research priorities. Global Spine J. 2019 May;9(1 Suppl):65S-76S
Davies BM, Yanez Touzet A, Mowforth OD on behalf of the AO Spine RECODE-DCM Steering Committee, et al Development of a core measurement set for research in degenerative cervical myelopathy: a study protocol (AO Spine RECODE-DCM CMS)BMJ Open 2022;12:e060436. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060436
Yanez Touzet A, Bhatti A, Dohle E On behalf of the AO Spine RECODE-DCM Steering Committee, et al Clinical outcome measures and their evidence base in degenerative cervical myelopathy: a systematic review to inform a core measurement set (AO Spine RECODE-DCM) BMJOpen 2022;12:e057650. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057650
Boerger T, Alsouhibani A, Mowforth O, Hamilton J, Lalkhen A, Davies BM, Kotter MRN. Moving Beyond the Neck and Arm: The Pain Experience of People With Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy Who Have Pain. Global Spine J. 2021 Feb 25:2192568220986143. doi: 10.1177/2192568220986143
Marc El Khoury, Oliver D. Mowforth, Anthony El Khoury, Celine Partha-Sarathi, Yuri Hirayama, Benjamin M. Davies & Mark R. Kotter (2022) Tremor as a symptom of degenerative cervical myelopathy: a systematic review, British Journal of Neurosurgery, DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2022.2033701
Khan DZ, Fitzpatrick SM, Hilton B, McNair AG, Sarewitz E, Davies BM, Kotter MR; AO Spine Knowledge Forum Spinal Cord Injury. Prevailing Outcome Themes Reported by People With Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: Focus Group Study. JMIR Form Res. 2021 Feb 3;5(2):e18732. doi: 10.2196/18732
Davies BM, Munro C, Khan DZ, Fitzpatrick S, Hilton B, Mowford OD, McNair AGK, Sadler I, Kotter MRN. Outcomes of degenerative cervical myelopathy from the perspective of persons living with the condition – findings of a semi-structured interview process with partnered internet survey. Global Spine Journal Nov 2020 10.1177/2192568220953811
Tetreault L, Lange S, Chotai S, Kryshtalskyj M, Martin AR, Ahuja CS, Wilson JR, Davies BM, Nouri A, Devin C, Fehlings MG. A Systematic Review of Definitions for Neurological Complications and Disease Progression in Patients Treated Surgically for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy. Spine 2019 44(18):1318–1331, 10.1097/BRS.0000000000003066
Davies BM, McHugh M, Elgheriani A, Kolias A, Hutchinson PJA, Kotter MRN. The reporting of study and population characteristics in degenerative cervical myelopathy: A systematic review. PLoS ONE 12(3):e0172564 · March 2017
Davies BM, McHugh M, Elgheriani A, Kolias A, Hutchinson PJA, Kotter MRN. Reported outcome measures in degenerative cervical myelopathy: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2016 Aug 2;11(8):e0157263
AO Spine RECODE-DCM: The Minimum Dataset and Index Term
Recommendations
Khan, MA, Mowforth, OD, Kuhn, I, Kotter, MRN, Davies, BM. Development of a validated search filter for Ovid Embase for degenerative cervical myelopathy. Health Info Libr J, 2021; 00, 1– 9. https://doi.org/10.1111/hir.12373
Davies B.M, Goh S, Yi K, Khun I, Kotter MRN. Development and validation of a MEDLINE search filter/hedge for degenerative cervical myelopathy BMC Medical Research Methodology 2018 18:73
Methodology and Premise
Khan D, Khan MS, Kotter MRN, Davies BM (2020) Tackling Research Inefficiency in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: illustrating the current challenges for research synthesis JMIR Protocols 9(6): e15922 doi: 10.2196/15922
Khan D, Khan MS, Kotter MRN, Davies BM (2020) Tackling Research Inefficiency in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: illustrating the current challenges for research synthesis JMIR Protocols 9(6): e15922 doi: 10.2196/15922
Ahmed S, Hiramaya Y, Khan D, Kotter MRN, Davies BM. Letter to the Editor: The Need for Standardization of Terminology in Spinal Research Spine 2020 10.1097/BRS.0000000000003634
RECODE-DCM: Premise
Grodzinski N, Grodzinski B, Davies BM (2021) Can co-authorship networks be used to predict author research impact? A machine-learning based analysis within the field of degenerative cervical myelopathy research. PLOS ONE 16(9): e0256997.
Davies B, Mowforth O, Sadler I, et al Recovery priorities in degenerative cervical myelopathy: a cross-sectional survey of an international, online community of patients BMJ Open 2019;9:e031486. 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031486.
Mowforth OD, Goh S, O’Neil S, Davies BM, Kotter MRN. Research inefficiency in degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM): findings of a systematic review on research activity over the past 20 years. Global Spine J 2019 10.1177/2192568219847439
Mowforth OM, Starkey M, Kotter MRN, Davies BM. The need for research prioritization in cervical myelopathy. JNS Spine Jan 2020 10.3171/2019.11.SPINE191300
Khan D, Davies BM, Kotter MRN (2020) Spinal research – a field in need of standardization. J Rheumatol. 47(4):633-634. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.191225.
Mowforth OD, Davies BM, Kotter MRN. Poor quality of life in in degenerative cervical myelopathy carers. Interact J Med Res 2019 (In Press)
Davies BM, Kotter, MRN (2018) Lessons from recruitment to an internet based survey for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: merits of free and fee based methods. JMIR Res Protoc 7(2):e18 doi: 10.2196/resprot.6567.